{"id":24912,"date":"2023-10-20T13:29:23","date_gmt":"2023-10-20T17:29:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/?p=24912"},"modified":"2023-11-14T10:41:08","modified_gmt":"2023-11-14T15:41:08","slug":"comparaison-systemes-evaluations-du-verre-securitaire-pour-les-oiseaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/fr\/blogue\/comparaison-systemes-evaluations-du-verre-securitaire-pour-les-oiseaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparaison des syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations du verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux : les fondements, limites et r\u00e9sultats"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_section et_pb_with_background et_section_regular breadcrumbs_section\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\" et_pb_row breadcrumbs_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 breadcrumbs_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_code et_pb_module breadcrumbs_module\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span><span>Accueil<\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- .et_pb_code -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- .et_pb_column -->\n\t\t\t<\/div> <!-- .et_pb_row -->\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; foundations of BF rating methods \u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Les fondements des m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations des vitrages s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;industrie du b\u00e2timent est maintenant famili\u00e8re avec la probl\u00e9matique des collisions entre les oiseaux et le verre.  \u00c0 travers l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord, divers paliers gouvernementaux, associations professionnelles et autres institutions travaillent \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des r\u00e8glementations et des lignes directrices pour diminuer le nombre de collisions d\u2019oiseaux contre le verre. Mais ces m\u00e9thodes d\u2019\u00e9valuations des solutions verri\u00e8res pour les oiseaux fonctionnent-elles vraiment? Comment \u00eatre certains qu&rsquo;un produit donn\u00e9 emp\u00eachera les collisions d\u2019oiseaux? Dans cet article, un regard sera port\u00e9 sur les principaux syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations des verres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux, soient leurs fondements et leurs limites. De plus, nous \u00e9tudierons la corr\u00e9lation entre les r\u00e9sultats de chaque syst\u00e8me d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations et les r\u00e9sultats concrets obtenus sur le terrain. L&rsquo;objectif de cette analyse est d&rsquo;informer les l\u00e9gislateurs, les architectes, les propri\u00e9taires de b\u00e2timents et les d\u00e9fenseurs de l&rsquo;environnement sur les forces, les faiblesses et les limites des diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations utilis\u00e9s pour les verres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; The Prescriptive method and the Performance method\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>En Am\u00e9rique du Nord, le verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux est \u00e9valu\u00e9 selon deux m\u00e9thodes : normative et performance.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; The Prescriptive method\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e9thode normative<\/h2>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode normative donne une recette pour la conception des vitrages s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux, bas\u00e9e sur des variables distinctes : l&rsquo;espacement des motifs (selon <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/fr\/blogue\/regle-du-2x4-lorigine-et-la-definition\/\" rel=\"noopener\">la r\u00e8gle 2&#215;4<\/a> ou 2&#215;2), la taille des marqueurs visuels, la couverture, le contraste et la surface d&#8217;emplacement.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode normative d\u00e9pend de la justesse de sa \u00ab\u00a0recette\u00a0\u00bb. C&rsquo;est pourquoi elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9e au fil du temps, au fur et \u00e0 mesure que les scientifiques et gens de l&rsquo;industrie ont valid\u00e9 de nouvelles informations sur le comportement des oiseaux. Une \u00e9volution notable a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&rsquo;utilisation de la r\u00e8gle des 2&#215;2, avec des marqueurs visuels plus \u00e9troits pour dissuader les collisions d\u2019esp\u00e8ces plus petites telles que les colibris.<sup><a href=\"#references\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre de cette m\u00e9thode, les architectes sont libres d&rsquo;utiliser n&rsquo;importe quel produit r\u00e9pondant aux exigences donn\u00e9es. Cela donne la flexibilit\u00e9 n\u00e9cessaire pour concevoir un verre adapt\u00e9 aux oiseaux qui s&rsquo;int\u00e8gre au concept et \u00e0 l&rsquo;esth\u00e9tique souhait\u00e9s d&rsquo;un projet.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|10px|||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; The Prescriptive method\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]Les mod\u00e8les de verres pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux bas\u00e9s sur la m\u00e9thode normative sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les normes de San Francisco pour les b\u00e2timents s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sfplanning.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/reports\/bird_safe_bldgs\/Standards%20for%20Bird%20Safe%20Buildings%20-%2011-30-11.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Standards for Bird-Safe Buildings<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Californie <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dgs.ca.gov\/-\/media\/Divisions\/BSC\/03-Rulemaking\/2019-Intervening-Cycle\/7-2019-workshop-pre-cycle\/final-items-for-workshop-8-1-2019\/Item-8-A5107-Bird-friendly-designSRV.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">A5.107 Conception de b\u00e2timent s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux (mesures volontaires)<\/a><\/li>\n<li>National Glass Association <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/members.glass.org\/cvweb\/cgi-bin\/msascartdll.dll\/ProductInfo?productcd=BIRDGLAZING\" rel=\"noopener\">Guide des meilleures utilisations du verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Norme CSA <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csagroup.org\/store\/product\/CSA%20A460:19\/\" rel=\"noopener\">A460:19 standard pour la conception de b\u00e2timents s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csagroup.org\/store\/product\/CSA%20A460:19\/\" rel=\"noopener\"> <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Toronto \u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/city-government\/planning-development\/official-plan-guidelines\/toronto-green-standard\/toronto-green-standard-version-4\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Norme verte de Toronto v4<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/city-government\/planning-development\/official-plan-guidelines\/toronto-green-standard\/toronto-green-standard-version-4\/\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/a><\/li>\n<li>New York City Audubon Society <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.darkskysociety.org\/handouts\/birdsafebuildings.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Guide du b\u00e2timent s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Madison, WI <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/library.municode.com\/wi\/madison\/ordinances\/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=1038703\" rel=\"noopener\">Ordonnance sur le verre pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||10px|false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2&#215;4-rule-2022-v1-scaled.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbbird-safe glass 2&#215;4 rule\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bb2&#215;4 Rule 2022 V1&Prime; admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage &#8211; 2&#215;4 rule\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; 2&#215;4 caption\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb16px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Un motif suivant la r\u00e8gle du 2&#215;4<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; The Performance method\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||18px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e9thode de performance<\/h2>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode de performance permet de classer les produits de verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux sur la base de proc\u00e9dures de tests. Les produits sont \u00e9valu\u00e9s dans des tunnels et un facteur de menace (TF) leur est attribu\u00e9 en fonction de la proportion de sujets utilis\u00e9s (oiseaux captur\u00e9s) qui volent en direction de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon test\u00e9. En Am\u00e9rique du Nord, la l\u00e9gislation utilisant la m\u00e9thode de performance d\u00e9pend g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des facteurs de menace d\u00e9termin\u00e9s par les essais en tunnel de l&rsquo;American Bird Conservancy (ABC). Les oiseaux sont captur\u00e9s dans des filets, manipul\u00e9s \u00e0 la main par le personnel de l&rsquo;ABC, transport\u00e9s dans des sacs, puis rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s un par un dans le tunnel. Le personnel note s&rsquo;ils volent vers la vitre d&rsquo;essai, la vitre de contr\u00f4le ou aucune des deux.<sup><a href=\"#references\">2<\/a><\/sup> Un filet \u00e0 l&rsquo;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 du tunnel emp\u00eache les oiseaux de heurter la vitre. Apr\u00e8s un seul vol, les oiseaux sont rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s.<sup><a href=\"#references\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Le facteur de menace est calcul\u00e9 en pourcentage : le nombre d&rsquo;oiseaux qui volent vers l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon test\u00e9, divis\u00e9 par le nombre total de sujets utilis\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience. Ainsi, si 80 oiseaux sont utilis\u00e9s et que 20 d&rsquo;entre eux se dirigent vers l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon test\u00e9, le facteur de menace est calcul\u00e9 comme suit : 20\/80 = 25 %, et le produit a alors un facteur de menace de 25.<sup><a href=\"#references\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre de la m\u00e9thode des performances, les produits viables sont limit\u00e9s \u00e0 ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9s et approuv\u00e9s. Cela peut retarder la mise sur le march\u00e9 des produits, d&rsquo;autant plus que les tests sont effectu\u00e9s seulement pendant les p\u00e9riodes de migration du printemps et de l&rsquo;automne. Il peut \u00eatre plus difficile pour les architectes d&rsquo;int\u00e9grer des solutions dans leurs projets, puisque leurs choix sont limit\u00e9s aux options pr\u00e9approuv\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations sur les essais en tunnel, veuillez consulter le site <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Les mod\u00e8les bas\u00e9s sur la performance pour les vitrages s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux sont les suivants :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ville de New York <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/assets\/buildings\/bldgs_bulletins\/bird_friendly_guidance_document.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">La loi locale 15<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cr\u00e9dit LEED<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> v4.1 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usgbc.org\/credits\/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-data-42?return=\/credits\/New%20Construction\/v4.1\" rel=\"noopener\">Pour la dissuasion des collisions d&rsquo;oiseaux<\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usgbc.org\/credits\/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-data-42?return=\/credits\/New%20Construction\/v4.1\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/a><\/li>\n<li>Washington, DC <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/code.dccouncil.gov\/us\/dc\/council\/laws\/24-337\" rel=\"noopener\">La\u00a0loi 24-337 sur la protection de la faune locale migratoire, acte de 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; Reflective conditions in field and tunnel tests title\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Conditions de r\u00e9flexion des essais sur le terrain et tunnels<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb3_5,2_5&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb3_5&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; Reflective conditions in tunnel test 1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>Essais en tunnel<\/h3>\n<p>L&rsquo;ABC reconna\u00eet la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de tester les conditions de r\u00e9flexion et s&rsquo;efforce d&rsquo;incorporer ce facteur dans sa m\u00e9thode d&rsquo;essai en tunnel, en utilisant des miroirs sur les c\u00f4t\u00e9s pour rediriger une partie de la lumi\u00e8re du soleil vers les panneaux de verre situ\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur.<sup><a href=\"#references\">5<\/a><\/sup> Cependant, dans des revues scientifiques, Seewagan, R\u00f6ssler et Schmid observent que le tunnel d&rsquo;essai de Powdermill ne cr\u00e9e pas de conditions r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissantes.<sup><a href=\"#references\">6, 7<\/a><\/sup> Seewagan conclut que les essais \u00ab\u00a0sont donc plus repr\u00e9sentatifs pour une application de mur pare-bruits, et que les r\u00e9sultats ainsi collect\u00e9s pour la pr\u00e9vention des collisions avec des fen\u00eatres traditionnelles sont inconcluants\u00a0\u00bb.<sup><a href=\"#references\">8<\/a><\/sup>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; Reflective conditions in tunnel test 2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>R\u00f6ssler et Schmid donnent plus de d\u00e9tails sur le probl\u00e8me :<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Cependant, le tunnel de Powdermill n&rsquo;est pas en mesure de fournir une situation d&rsquo;essai satisfaisante pour la r\u00e9flexion sp\u00e9culaire (\u00ab\u00a0simulation de la fen\u00eatre\u00a0\u00bb) pour deux raisons fondamentales. Premi\u00e8rement : les vitres \u00e0 l&rsquo;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 du tunnel sont mont\u00e9es \u00e0 angle droit par rapport \u00e0 la trajectoire de vols des oiseaux et ne peuvent donc que \u00ab\u00a0refl\u00e9ter\u00a0\u00bb l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur sombre du tunnel. Deuxi\u00e8mement : des planches de contreplaqu\u00e9 avec un \u00ab\u00a0motif bleu\u00a0\u00bb sont mont\u00e9es derri\u00e8re les vitres. Comme ces planches sont \u00e9clair\u00e9es par la lumi\u00e8re du jour, elles \u00e9claircissent l&rsquo;arri\u00e8re-plan au lieu de r\u00e9duire la quantit\u00e9 de lumi\u00e8re qui s&rsquo;y trouve.\u00a0\u00bb<sup><a href=\"#references\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbTestimonial &#8211; Rossler quote on refletion in test tunnels\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb border_width_all=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb border_width_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb border_color_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb#000000&Prime; global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">Tests en tunnel<\/h3>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0Avec cette configuration exp\u00e9rimentale, il est impossible d&rsquo;obtenir des reflets clairement visibles sur les vitres, tels qu&rsquo;ils sont caract\u00e9ris\u00e9s dans les fen\u00eatres de b\u00e2timents. Par cons\u00e9quent, cette adaptation exp\u00e9rimentale teste l\u2019effet de transparence, et ce bien qu&rsquo;il (le tunnel) soit destin\u00e9 \u00e0 tester la r\u00e9flexion sp\u00e9culaire\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8211; Hans Schmid et Martin R\u00f6ssler, \u00ab\u00a0Critical examination of American Bird Conservancy&rsquo;s (ABC) campaign to avoid bird collision\u00a0\u00bb (Examen critique de la campagne de l&rsquo;American Bird Conservancy (ABC) visant \u00e0 \u00e9viter les collisions d&rsquo;oiseaux).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; Reflective conditions in field tests\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h3>Essais sur le terrain<\/h3>\n<p>Dans ses diverses exp\u00e9riences sur le terrain, qui sont la base de la m\u00e9thode normative, le chercheur Dr. Daniel Klem a test\u00e9 des \u00e9chantillons de verre install\u00e9s dans des cadres autoportants et dans des b\u00e2timents existants.<sup><a href=\"#references\">10<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Il a ainsi pu cr\u00e9er des conditions transparentes ou r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissantes, en fonction de la position des \u00e9chantillons de verre et de l&rsquo;heure de la journ\u00e9e, ce qui lui a permis d&rsquo;identifier les dangers que repr\u00e9sentent les surfaces de verre r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissantes pour les oiseaux.<sup><a href=\"#references\">11<\/a> <\/sup><span><span class=\"ui-provider ee bhz bia bib bic bid bie bif big bih bii bij bik bil bim bin bio bip biq bir bis bit biu biv biw bix biy biz bja bjb bjc bjd bje bjf bjg\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00c0 la suite des donn\u00e9es collect\u00e9es avec les essais de terrain et des observations faites \u00e0 travers les ann\u00e9es, de nombreux collaborateurs au d\u00e9veloppement de la m\u00e9thode normative recommandent le traitement en surface un pour le verre pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux<\/span><\/span>.<sup><a href=\"#references\">12<\/a><\/sup> Ces tests ont \u00e9galement permis aux scientifiques de comprendre l&rsquo;espacement id\u00e9al entre les marqueurs, le contraste, la taille des marqueurs visuels et la couverture.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb2_5&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_blurb title=\u00a0\u00bbComment les conditions de r\u00e9flexion se produisent-elles et pourquoi sont-elles importantes pour les fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux?\u00a0\u00bb use_icon=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb font_icon=\u00a0\u00bb&#xf185;||fa||900&Prime; image_icon_width=\u00a0\u00bb60px\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbBlurb &#8211; importance of reflective conditions\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#eef1f8&Prime; custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb30px|30px|30px|30px|false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>Dans leur \u00ab\u00a0revue scientifique de la campagne de l&rsquo;American Bird Conservancy (ABC) visant \u00e0 \u00e9viter les collisions d\u2019oiseaux\u00a0\u00bb, Martin R\u00f6ssler et Hans Schmid identifient les r\u00e9flexions sp\u00e9culaires comme \u00ab\u00a0un trait caract\u00e9ristique des fen\u00eatres &#8230; cons\u00e9quence de l&rsquo;arri\u00e8re-plan plus sombre de la pi\u00e8ce situ\u00e9e derri\u00e8re une fen\u00eatre et de la luminosit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;avant-plan\u00a0\u00bb.<a href=\"#references\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a> En d&rsquo;autres termes, l&rsquo;environnement ext\u00e9rieur est souvent plus \u00e9clair\u00e9 que l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur des b\u00e2timents, ce qui provoque des reflets sur les surfaces des fen\u00eatres et masque les traitements appliqu\u00e9s aux surfaces int\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n<p>Klem et Seewagen consid\u00e8rent les reflets sur les fen\u00eatres comme le facteur de risque principal dans les collisions entre les oiseaux et les \u00a0vitres, ce qui en fait un \u00e9l\u00e9ment n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 la conception de fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux.<a href=\"#references\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> .\u00a0 En fait, c&rsquo;est \u00e0 cause de la r\u00e9flectivit\u00e9 que les traitements des vitres qui prot\u00e8gent les oiseaux sont si souvent plac\u00e9s sur la surface ext\u00e9rieure du vitrage. Ce placement en premi\u00e8re surface emp\u00eache les reflets d&rsquo;interf\u00e9rer avec l&rsquo;apparence des marqueurs s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux, garantissant qu&rsquo;ils restent visibles pour les oiseaux dans toutes les conditions d&rsquo;\u00e9clairage.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbRow\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; importance of in-situ observations\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>L&rsquo;importance des observations sur le terrain<\/h2>\n<p>Les m\u00e9thodes normatives et performantes diff\u00e8rent \u00e0 bien des \u00e9gards, mais elles ont un facteur en commun : la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une validation dans le monde r\u00e9el. Apr\u00e8s tout, l&rsquo;objectif du verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux n&rsquo;est pas d&rsquo;obtenir de bons r\u00e9sultats aux tests, mais d&#8217;emp\u00eacher les oiseaux d\u2019entrer en collision avec les fen\u00eatres.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb title=\u00a0\u00bbL&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 du verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux AviProtek\u00ae\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbBlurb &#8211; Avi Effectiveness doc\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb30px|30px|30px|30px|false|false\u00a0\u00bb border_width_all=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]La Verrerie Walker a recueilli des rapports de propri\u00e9taires et de gestionnaires d&rsquo;immeubles \u00e0 travers l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord o\u00f9 l\u2019on retrouve du verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>. Bien que la taille de l&rsquo;\u00e9chantillon soit limit\u00e9e, les r\u00e9sultats sont prometteurs : 1 impact d&rsquo;oiseau ou moins par an sur chaque site. Dans la majorit\u00e9 des cas, les personnes contact\u00e9es sur place signalent qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y a eu aucune collision.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/fr\/ressources\/verre-securite-oiseaux\/#efficacite-aviprotek\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"et_pb_button et_pb_button_0 et_pb_bg_layout_light\">En savoir plus<\/a>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; accidental experiment title\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Une exp\u00e9rience accidentelle<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/lovitch-house-aviprotek-211-bird-friendly-glass-6-web-square.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbLovitch house in Durham Maine with bird safe windows\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbLovitch House AviProtek 211 Bird Friendly Glass 6 WEB Square\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage &#8211; Lovitch house front\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; accidental experiment\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>Fin 2022, un biologiste et expert en ornithologie nomm\u00e9 Derek Lovitch a involontairement r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une exp\u00e9rience en construisant sa nouvelle maison avec deux types diff\u00e9rents de verre pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux. Son exp\u00e9rience, relat\u00e9e ici, met en lumi\u00e8re l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de ce type de produit dans un contexte r\u00e9el.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; BF home 1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Construire une maison s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux<\/h2>\n<p>Derek et sa femme Jeannette sont tous deux des ornithologues chevronn\u00e9s qui ont une connaissance approfondie des oiseaux. En 2020, ils ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de construire une nouvelle maison sur un terrain peupl\u00e9 d\u2019oiseaux, pr\u00e8s de leur magasin d&rsquo;articles d&rsquo;ornithologie \u00e0 Freeport NH soit le <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.freeportwildbirdsupply.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Freeport Wild Bird Supply<\/a>. Le plan est d\u2019utiliser la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 comme b\u00e2timent principal pour l\u2019observation des oiseaux et de la faune.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; BF home 2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>En tant que militants, Derek et Jeannette ont compris l&rsquo;importance d&rsquo;avoir des fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux. Ils ont choisi deux types de vitres pour leur maison : vingt-sept avec l\u2019AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> au motif 211 <strong>avec des marqueurs d\u00e9polis \u00e0 l&rsquo;acide en premi\u00e8re surface<\/strong>, et cinq vitres utilisant un verre lamin\u00e9 avec<strong> des marqueurs transparents r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant les UV sur une surface int\u00e9rieure<\/strong>. Les cinq unit\u00e9s transparentes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9es \u00e0 la hauteur des yeux pour permettre l&rsquo;observation des oiseaux, le verre AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> se trouvant directement au-dessus d&rsquo;elles. L\u2019ensemble de ces fen\u00eatres ont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un investissement important, mais Derek et Jeannette ont estim\u00e9 que le fait d&rsquo;avoir une vue totalement d\u00e9gag\u00e9e \u00e0 travers des fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux valait la d\u00e9pense.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/glass-charts-2023-10-fr-01-scaled.jpg\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; BF home 2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>Pour choisir leur verre, Derek et Jeannette se sont r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s aux facteurs de menace des produits. Il s&rsquo;agissait de l&rsquo;information la plus accessible \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, et ils comptaient sur l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 des produits pour \u00eatre un bon indicateur de la performance. Le verre AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> et le verre r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant le UV pr\u00e9sentent des facteurs de menaces similaires (23 et 26, respectivement), et tous deux \u00e9taient r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant \u00ab\u00a0approuv\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb sur le site internet <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/products-database\/\" rel=\"noopener\">ABC Products &amp; Solutions Database<\/a>. Derek et Jeannette \u00e9taient convaincus de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 de ces produits.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; collisions 1&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Collisions avec le verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseauxs<\/h2>\n<p>Quelques semaines apr\u00e8s avoir emm\u00e9nag\u00e9 dans leur nouvelle maison, Derek et Jeannette ont \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moins de cinq impacts d&rsquo;oiseaux, un contre chacune de leurs fen\u00eatres UV transparentes. Quatre d&rsquo;entre elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 imm\u00e9diatement fatales. Derek et Jeannette ont \u00e9t\u00e9 particuli\u00e8rement choqu\u00e9s lorsqu&rsquo;un junco ardois\u00e9 a vol\u00e9 directement dans une de ces fen\u00eatres transparentes. Les juncos ardois\u00e9s peuvent voir dans le spectre ultraviolet, de sorte que les marqueurs UV du verre auraient d\u00fb \u00eatre visibles pour cet oiseau. De plus, l&rsquo;oiseau a heurt\u00e9 une fen\u00eatre d\u2019un coin o\u00f9 les unit\u00e9s adjacentes cr\u00e9aient des conditions transparentes, avec de la lumi\u00e8re derri\u00e8re et peu ou pas d&rsquo;effet r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant. Compte tenu de ces conditions et du facteur de menace du produit, les marqueurs UV auraient d\u00fb \u00eatre visibles par ce junco ardois\u00e9. N\u00e9anmoins, il y a eu quatre autres oiseaux qui se sont dirig\u00e9s directement vers les fen\u00eatres trait\u00e9es aux UV, comme s&rsquo;ils ne les voyaient pas.<\/p>\n<p>Derek et Jeannette ont pris des mesures imm\u00e9diates en installant des cordes sur les fen\u00eatres transparentes pour emp\u00eacher d&rsquo;autres collisions. <span><span class=\"ui-provider ee bhz bia bib bic bid bie bif big bih bii bij bik bil bim bin bio bip biq bir bis bit biu biv biw bix biy biz bja bjb bjc bjd bje bjf bjg\" dir=\"ltr\">D\u2019abord, un fil rouge a \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9 devant les fen\u00eatres avec un espacement vertical de 4 pouces. Quelques mois plus tard, le fil a \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9 par des cordes de la compagnie Acopian BirdSavers. <\/span><\/span>Bien que cette solution ait permis d&rsquo;\u00e9viter d\u2019autres collisions, elle a obstru\u00e9 la vue, ce qui va \u00e0 l&rsquo;encontre de l&rsquo;objectif des fen\u00eatres transparentes avec les marqueurs UV. Avec le temps, les cordes sont devenues de moins en moins visibles pour les oiseaux. <span><span class=\"ui-provider ee bhz bia bib bic bid bie bif big bih bii bij bik bil bim bin bio bip biq bir bis bit biu biv biw bix biy biz bja bjb bjc bjd bje bjf bjg\" dir=\"ltr\">\u00c0 la fin de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2023, Derek a trouv\u00e9 deux tourterelles tristes mortes aux pieds des fen\u00eatres UV, ce qui porte les pertes d\u2019oiseaux \u00e0 sept. \u00c0 noter, que le fil rouge \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent et depuis il a \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9 par des cordes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span class=\"ui-provider ee bhz bia bib bic bid bie bif big bih bii bij bik bil bim bin bio bip biq bir bis bit biu biv biw bix biy biz bja bjb bjc bjd bje bjf bjg\" dir=\"ltr\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/glass-charts-2023-10-fr-02-scaled.jpg\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; collisions 2&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||0px|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>En comparaison, Derek et Jeannette n&rsquo;ont pas vu une seule collision contre le verre d\u00e9poli \u00e0 l&rsquo;acide AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>. <span><span class=\"ui-provider ee bhz bia bib bic bid bie bif big bih bii bij bik bil bim bin bio bip biq bir bis bit biu biv biw bix biy biz bja bjb bjc bjd bje bjf bjg\" dir=\"ltr\">M\u00eame pendant deux mois d\u2019observation quotidienne et prolong\u00e9e au d\u00e9but de 2023, alors que Derek \u00e9tait \u00e0 la maison avec une blessure, il n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin de collision sur le verre d\u00e9poli. De plus, il n\u2019a pas trouv\u00e9 de trace d\u2019impact sur ce verre, m\u00eame \u00e0 la suite d&rsquo;inspections minutieuses.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/img-7883-labelled-fr-scaled.jpg\u00a0\u00bb alt=\u00a0\u00bbbird safe windows composition\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbIMG_7883_labelled-FR\u00a0\u00bb admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbImage &#8211; BF glass composition\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; BF glass composition caption\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb16px\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><em>Vue int\u00e9rieure des fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux \u00e0 la maison des Lovitch.<br \/>Deux rang\u00e9es sup\u00e9rieures : AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 211<br \/><span><span class=\"ui-provider ee bhz bia bib bic bid bie bif big bih bii bij bik bil bim bin bio bip biq bir bis bit biu biv biw bix biy biz bja bjb bjc bjd bje bjf bjg\" dir=\"ltr\"><i>Rang\u00e9e du bas : verre transparent r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissant avec UV, des ajustements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faits avec l\u2019ajout de cordes\u00a0<\/i><a aria-label=\"Lien Acopian BirdSavers\" title=\"https:\/\/www.birdsavers.com\/\" href=\"https:\/\/www.birdsavers.com\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fui-Link ___10kug0w f3rmtva f1ewtqcl fyind8e f1k6fduh f1w7gpdv fk6fouc fjoy568 figsok6 f1hu3pq6 f11qmguv f19f4twv f1tyq0we f1g0x7ka fhxju0i f1qch9an f1cnd47f fqv5qza f1vmzxwi f1o700av f13mvf36 f1cmlufx f9n3di6 f1ids18y f1tx3yz7 f1deo86v f1eh06m1 f1iescvh fhgqx19 f1olyrje f1p93eir f1nev41a f1h8hb77 f1lqvz6u f10aw75t fsle3fq f17ae5zn\"><i>Acopian BirdSavers<\/i><\/a><i> et d\u2019autocollants\u00a0<\/i><a aria-label=\"Lien Feather Friendly\u00a0\" title=\"https:\/\/www.featherfriendly.com\/residential\" href=\"https:\/\/www.featherfriendly.com\/residential\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fui-Link ___10kug0w f3rmtva f1ewtqcl fyind8e f1k6fduh f1w7gpdv fk6fouc fjoy568 figsok6 f1hu3pq6 f11qmguv f19f4twv f1tyq0we f1g0x7ka fhxju0i f1qch9an f1cnd47f fqv5qza f1vmzxwi f1o700av f13mvf36 f1cmlufx f9n3di6 f1ids18y f1tx3yz7 f1deo86v f1eh06m1 f1iescvh fhgqx19 f1olyrje f1p93eir f1nev41a f1h8hb77 f1lqvz6u f10aw75t fsle3fq f17ae5zn\"><i>Feather Friendly\u00a0<\/i><\/a>sur la surface du verre.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; looking for answers\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>Derek a d\u00e9crit ses sentiments \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9gard de la situation :<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u00a0En tant que scientifiques de formation, nous sommes conscients qu\u2019une collision vaut mieux que 1.3 milliard, mais le but \u00e9tait de ne tuer aucun Junco. Nous avons investi notre argent durement gagn\u00e9 pour faire en sorte que cela n&rsquo;arrive pas. Nous comprenons que ce n&rsquo;est pas garantie \u00e0 100 %&#8230; Mais cinq oiseaux, dont au moins deux juncos ardois\u00e9s et un chardonneret qui sont des esp\u00e8ces reconnues pour leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 voir les rayons ultraviolets, ont heurt\u00e9 une des fen\u00eatres transparentes? C&rsquo;est difficile \u00e0 accepter, <span><span class=\"ui-provider ee bhz bia bib bic bid bie bif big bih bii bij bik bil bim bin bio bip biq bir bis bit biu biv biw bix biy biz bja bjb bjc bjd bje bjf bjg\" dir=\"ltr\">surtout que j\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin de plusieurs collisions.<\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; implications for BF building\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Implications pour le mouvement des b\u00e2timents respectueux pour les oiseaux<\/h2>\n<p>Les cons\u00e9quences d&rsquo;histoires comme celle-ci vont au-del\u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences individuelles. L\u2019\u00e9chec des recommandations des produits pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux pourrait avoir un impact sur l\u2019industrie du b\u00e2timent dans son ensemble.<\/p>\n<p>Si d&rsquo;autres propri\u00e9taires de b\u00e2timents et architectes vivent des exp\u00e9riences similaires, seront-ils pr\u00eats \u00e0 investir dans du verre pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux pour leurs futurs projets? La l\u00e9gislation peut obliger \u00e0 utiliser du verre pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux, mais combien de temps faudra-t-il avant que des r\u00e9sultats d\u00e9cevants ne sapent l\u2019\u00e9lan de ce mouvement \u00e9cologique? Afin de continuer \u00e0 faire avancer les b\u00e2timents s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux et de continuer d\u2019int\u00e9grer ce type de produits, les fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux devront offrir des r\u00e9sultats positifs tels qu\u2019anticip\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; not all bad news\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Il n&rsquo;y a pas que des mauvaises nouvelles<\/h2>\n<p>Heureusement, il y a aussi de bonnes nouvelles concernant le verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux. De nombreux projets r\u00e9alis\u00e9s selon la m\u00e9thode normative refl\u00e9t\u00e9e dans le National Glass Association <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/members.glass.org\/cvweb\/cgi-bin\/msascartdll.dll\/ProductInfo?productcd=BIRDGLAZING\" rel=\"noopener\">Best Practices for Bird-Friendly Glazing Design Guide<\/a> et dans le CSA <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csagroup.org\/store\/product\/CSA%20A460:19\/\" rel=\"noopener\">A460:19 standard for Bird-friendly building design<\/a> montrent que les collisions avec les oiseaux sont nulles ou presque nulles dans les ann\u00e9es suivant l&rsquo;installation. Certains ont constat\u00e9 une r\u00e9duction spectaculaire des collisions apr\u00e8s une r\u00e9novation avec du verre pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux, comme le centre d&rsquo;interpr\u00e9tation d&rsquo;une r\u00e9serve faunique dans la r\u00e9gion de Qu\u00e9bec. Ce b\u00e2timent est situ\u00e9 au c\u0153ur d&rsquo;un sanctuaire d&rsquo;oiseaux et subissait jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 24 collisions par an avant d&rsquo;\u00eatre r\u00e9nov\u00e9 en 2014. Cette ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0, le b\u00e2timent a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9nov\u00e9 avec une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de traitements de fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode normative, y compris des motifs AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> qui repr\u00e9sentent 50% des vitres du b\u00e2timent. Au cours des huit ann\u00e9es qui ont suivi les r\u00e9novations, seuls trois impacts ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s contre les fen\u00eatres AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;Universit\u00e9 de la Saskatchewan (USask) pr\u00e9sente un autre exemple de fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curis\u00e9es pour les oiseaux. En 2018, son Collaborative Science Research Building (CSRB) a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit avec le motif AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 217 qui est compos\u00e9 de points en premi\u00e8re surface avec un espacement de 2&#215;2. La surveillance continue par le d\u00e9partement de biologie de l&rsquo;universit\u00e9 n\u2019a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 aucun impact contre les fen\u00eatres du b\u00e2timent pour la p\u00e9riode de 2018 \u00e0 2022. Ce succ\u00e8s est particuli\u00e8rement significatif si on consid\u00e8re qu\u2019en 2019 des impacts d&rsquo;oiseaux contre quatre autres b\u00e2timents d&rsquo;USask ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s. L&rsquo;\u00e9tude fait \u00e9tat de neuf impacts d&rsquo;oiseaux sur une p\u00e9riode de trois mois contre l&rsquo;Agriculture Building, situ\u00e9 juste en face du CSRB.<sup><a href=\"#references\">15<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que les sections du b\u00e2timent de l&rsquo;agriculture qui int\u00e8grent du verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux, n\u2019ont enregistr\u00e9 aucune collision.<sup><a href=\"#references\">16<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 Pour en savoir plus sur le projet CSRB, consultez notre article intitul\u00e9 : \u00a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/fr\/blogue\/solutions-integrees-et-verre-pour-la-securite-des-oiseaux-a-luniversite-de-la-saskatchewan\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Solutions int\u00e9gr\u00e9es et verre pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux \u00e0 l\u2019USask<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Vous pouvez consulter les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019apr\u00e8s installation de ce projet et de neuf autres dans le document de <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/fr\/ressources\/verre-securite-oiseaux\/\" rel=\"noopener\"> r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sur l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 du verre AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; conclusion\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb45px||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Un choix d&rsquo;avenir pour une construction respectueuse des oiseaux<\/h2>\n<p>L&rsquo;histoire de la maison des Lovitch, combin\u00e9e aux r\u00e9sultats des projets normatifs, r\u00e9v\u00e8le que tous les verres \u00ab\u00a0pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux\u00a0\u00bb n&rsquo;ont pas la m\u00eame efficacit\u00e9. Il existe deux courants de pens\u00e9e concernant la r\u00e9glementation et les lignes directrices sur les constructions respectueuses des oiseaux, et des histoires comme celle-ci permettent de comparer leur validit\u00e9 dans des situations r\u00e9elles.<\/p>\n<p>Dans le cas qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9 ici, un propri\u00e9taire s&rsquo;est r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode de performance pour choisir un vitrage adapt\u00e9 aux oiseaux pour sa maison. Les deux produits pr\u00e9sentaient des facteurs de menace similaires et \u00e9taient tous deux identifi\u00e9s comme \u00e9tant \u00ab\u00a0approuv\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb sur le site internet de l&rsquo;ABC. Cependant, une fois install\u00e9s, les r\u00e9sultats de ces deux produits \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rents. L&rsquo;un des produits a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 dissuader les oiseaux de percuter la maison, tandis que l&rsquo;autre a subi cinq impacts d&rsquo;oiseaux au cours des premi\u00e8res semaines suivant la construction.<\/p>\n<p>Dans beaucoup d&rsquo;autres b\u00e2timents, le verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux bas\u00e9 sur la m\u00e9thode normative a syst\u00e9matiquement r\u00e9duit ou \u00e9limin\u00e9 les collisions avec les oiseaux. En outre, la m\u00e9thode normative permet d&rsquo;utiliser des marqueurs de n&rsquo;importe quelle conception, \u00e0 condition qu&rsquo;ils r\u00e9pondent aux exigences de visibilit\u00e9 de la m\u00e9thode choisie (espacement, surface, etc.). Cette libert\u00e9 peut permettre aux architectes d&rsquo;int\u00e9grer plus facilement une conception respectueuse des oiseaux dans leurs projets. Avec la m\u00e9thode de performance, les concepteurs et les propri\u00e9taires de b\u00e2timents sont limit\u00e9s \u00e0 une liste de produits pr\u00e9approuv\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Les d\u00e9fenseurs de l&rsquo;environnement, les propri\u00e9taires de b\u00e2timents et les architectes consacrent beaucoup d&rsquo;efforts et d&rsquo;argent \u00e0 l&rsquo;installation de fen\u00eatres s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux, et ils comptent sur les l\u00e9gislateurs et les organismes de conservation des oiseaux pour obtenir des informations coh\u00e9rentes. Au fur et \u00e0 mesure de l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration de normes de construction plus respectueuses des oiseaux, les l\u00e9gislateurs et les dirigeants de l&rsquo;industrie devront d\u00e9cider s&rsquo;ils veulent faire confiance \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode de performance pour d\u00e9terminer les produits de construction acceptables pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux, ou s&rsquo;ils doivent plut\u00f4t se tourner vers la m\u00e9thode normative. Leurs choix auront une incidence sur la vie d&rsquo;innombrables oiseaux et sur l&rsquo;avenir du verre pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des oiseaux.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_divider divider_weight=\u00a0\u00bb2px\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbText &#8211; References\u00a0\u00bb module_id=\u00a0\u00bbreferences\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.22.2&Prime; _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2>\n<p>1. Daniel Klem, <em>Solid Air: Invisible Killer \u2013 Saving Billions of Birds from Windows <\/em>(Surrey: Hancock House, 2021), 133.<\/p>\n<p>2. American Bird Conservancy, \u201cGlass Collisions: About ABC&rsquo;s Test Tunnel,\u201d consult\u00e9 le 4 octobre 2023, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\"><\/a>3. American Bird Conservancy, \u201cGlass Collisions: About ABC&rsquo;s Test Tunnel,\u201d consult\u00e9 le 4 octobre 2023, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\"><\/a>4. American Bird Conservancy, 2023. \u201cAbout the ABC Rating System.\u201d American Bird Conservancy, 23 janvier. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dariuszzdziebk.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/What-is-a-Material-Threat-Factor-January-2023-1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dariuszzdziebk.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/What-is-a-Material-Threat-Factor-January-2023-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dariuszzdziebk.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/What-is-a-Material-Threat-Factor-January-2023-1.pdf\"><\/a>5. American Bird Conservancy, \u201cGlass Collisions: About ABC&rsquo;s Test Tunnel,\u201d consult\u00e9 le 4 octobre 2023, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\"><\/a>6. Chad Seewagen, 2011. \u201cA Review of Experimental Methods Used to Test the Effectiveness of Bird-Deterring Glass.\u201d American Bird Conservancy, 19 mars. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\"><\/a>7. Hans Schmid and Martin R\u00f6ssler, 2016. \u201cCritical examination of American Bird Conservancy\u2019s (ABC) campaign to avoid bird collision.\u201d Swiss Ornithological Institute, avril. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\"><\/a>8. Chad Seewagen, 2011. \u201cA Review of Experimental Methods Used to Test the Effectiveness of Bird-Deterring Glass.\u201d American Bird Conservancy, 19 mars. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\"><\/a>9. Hans Schmid and Martin R\u00f6ssler, 2016. \u201cCritical examination of American Bird Conservancy\u2019s (ABC) campaign to avoid bird collision.\u201d Swiss Ornithological Institute, avril. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\"><\/a>10. Daniel Klem, <em>Solid Air: Invisible Killer \u2013 Saving Billions of Birds from Windows <\/em>(Surrey: Hancock House, 2021), 50,54.<\/p>\n<p>11. Daniel Klem, <em>Solid Air: Invisible Killer \u2013 Saving Billions of Birds from Windows <\/em>(Surrey: Hancock House, 2021), 55.<\/p>\n<p>12. Daniel Klem, 2019. \u201cTechnical Design of Bird Friendly Glass.\u201d Walker White Papers. Walker Glass, 29 avril. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dr-klem-technical-design.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dr-klem-technical-design.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>13. Hans Schmid and Martin R\u00f6ssler, 2016. \u201cCritical examination of American Bird Conservancy\u2019s (ABC) campaign to avoid bird collision.\u201d Swiss Ornithological Institute, avril. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>14. Chad Seewagen, 2011. \u201cA Review of Experimental Methods Used to Test the Effectiveness of Bird-Deterring Glass.\u201d American Bird Conservancy, 19 mars. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx<\/a><\/p>\n<p>15. Anang Grace Yashim. \u201cRisk and Mitigation Strategies for Bird-building Collisions on the University of Saskatchewan Campus\u201d. MSEM. diss. University of Saskatchewan, 2019.<\/p>\n<p>16. Anang Grace Yashim. \u201cRisk and Mitigation Strategies for Bird-building Collisions on the University of Saskatchewan Campus\u201d. MSEM. diss. University of Saskatchewan, 2019.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les fondements des m\u00e9thodes d&rsquo;\u00e9valuations des vitrages s\u00e9curitaires pour les oiseaux L&rsquo;industrie du b\u00e2timent est maintenant famili\u00e8re avec la probl\u00e9matique des collisions entre les oiseaux et le verre. \u00c0 travers l&rsquo;Am\u00e9rique du Nord, divers paliers gouvernementaux, associations professionnelles et autres institutions travaillent \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des r\u00e8glementations et des lignes directrices pour diminuer le nombre de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":24835,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - foundations of BF rating methods \" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>The foundations of bird friendly glass rating methods<\/h2>\r\n<p>By now, the building industry is familiar with the problem of bird-glass collisions. Governments, professional associations and other institutions across North America are establishing rules and guidelines to make bird safe windows the norm. But do these bird safe methodologies really work? How can one be certain that any given product will deter bird strikes? This article will address the predominant rating systems for bird friendly glass, their foundations, and their limitations. From this basis, it will move on to investigate how the results of each rating system correlate to real-world outcomes based upon on-site reporting. If successful, this analysis will help legislators, architects, building owners and conservationists make more informed choices when it comes to bird safe glass products.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - The Prescriptive method and the Performance method\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>In North America, bird friendly glass is evaluated based on two predominant methods: prescriptive and performance.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - The Prescriptive method\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>Prescriptive method<\/h2>\r\n<p>The Prescriptive method gives a recipe for bird friendly glazing design based on distinct variables: pattern spacing (following the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/blog\/the-origin-and-definition-the-2x4-rule\/\" rel=\"noopener\">2x4 rule<\/a> or 2x2 rule), visual marker size, surface coverage, contrast, and surface placement.<\/p>\r\n<p>The Prescriptive method depends on its \u201crecipe\u201d being correct. Hence, the method has been adapted over time as scientists and the glass industry gain new information about bird behaviour. One notable development was a shift toward using the 2x2 rule, with tighter spaces between visual markers to deter smaller species like hummingbirds.<sup><a href=\"#references\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<p>Under this method, architects are free to use any product that meets the given requirements. This gives them the flexibility to design a bird friendly glass that works perfectly with a project\u2019s concept and aesthetic.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"|10px|||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - The Prescriptive method\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>Bird safe glazing models based on the Prescriptive Method include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>San Francisco\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sfplanning.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/reports\/bird_safe_bldgs\/Standards%20for%20Bird%20Safe%20Buildings%20-%2011-30-11.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Standards for Bird-Safe Buildings<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>California\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dgs.ca.gov\/-\/media\/Divisions\/BSC\/03-Rulemaking\/2019-Intervening-Cycle\/7-2019-workshop-pre-cycle\/final-items-for-workshop-8-1-2019\/Item-8-A5107-Bird-friendly-designSRV.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">A5.107 Bird-friendly building design (voluntary measures)<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>National Glass Association\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/members.glass.org\/cvweb\/cgi-bin\/msascartdll.dll\/ProductInfo?productcd=BIRDGLAZING\" rel=\"noopener\">Best Practices for Bird-Friendly Glazing Design Guide<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>CSA <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csagroup.org\/store\/product\/CSA%20A460:19\/\" rel=\"noopener\">A460:19 standard for Bird-friendly building design<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/city-government\/planning-development\/official-plan-guidelines\/toronto-green-standard\/toronto-green-standard-version-4\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Toronto Green Standard v4<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>New York City Audubon Society\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.darkskysociety.org\/handouts\/birdsafebuildings.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Bird-Safe Building Guidelines<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>Madison, WI <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/library.municode.com\/wi\/madison\/ordinances\/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=1038703\" rel=\"noopener\">Ordinance on Bird-safe glass<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_padding=\"|||10px|false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2x4-rule-2022-v1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"bird-safe glass 2x4 rule\" title_text=\"2x4 Rule 2022 V1\" admin_label=\"Image - 2x4 rule\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - 2x4 caption\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"16px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>A pattern following the 2x4 rule<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - The Performance method\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||18px|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>Performance method<\/h2>\r\n<p>The Performance method grades individual bird friendly glass products based on one-off testing procedures. Products are tested in flight tunnels and graded based on the proportion of test subjects (captured birds) who fly toward the test sample. In North America, legislation using the Performance method typically depends on Threat Factors determined through American Bird Conservancy (ABC) tunnel testing. Birds are caught in mist nets, gathered by hand by ABC staff, carried in bags to the test flight tunnel, and then released one at a time into the tunnel. Staff record whether they fly toward the test pane, control pane, or neither.<sup><a href=\"#references\">2<\/a><\/sup> A net at the end of the tunnel prevents birds from hitting the glass, and birds are released after a single flight test.<sup><a href=\"#references\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<p>The Threat Factor is calculated as a percentage: the number of birds that fly toward the test sample, divided by the total number of test subjects used in the experiment. So, if 80 birds are released into the flight tunnel and 20 fly toward the test sample, the Threat Factor is calculated as 20\/80 = 25%, and the product has a Threat Factor of 25.<sup><a href=\"#references\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<p>Under the Performance method, viable products are limited to what\u2019s been tested and approved. This can cause a delay in bringing products to market, especially given that ABC testing is carried out only during spring and fall migration periods. This may make it more difficult for architects to incorporate bird friendly glass into their designs, since their aesthetic choices are limited to pre-approved options.<\/p>\r\n<p>Please see <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/<\/a> for more information on tunnel testing.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>Performance-based models for bird friendly glazing include:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>New York City\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/assets\/buildings\/bldgs_bulletins\/bird_friendly_guidance_document.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">Local Law 15<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li>LEED<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> v4.1 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usgbc.org\/credits\/new-construction-core-and-shell-schools-new-construction-retail-new-construction-data-42?return=\/credits\/New%20Construction\/v4.1\" rel=\"noopener\">Bird collision deterrence<\/a> credit<\/li>\r\n<li>Washington, DC <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/code.dccouncil.gov\/us\/dc\/council\/laws\/24-337\" rel=\"noopener\">Law 24-337. Migratory Local Wildlife Protection Act of 2022<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - Reflective conditions in field and tunnel tests title\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>Reflective conditions in field and tunnel tests<\/h2>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"3_5,2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"3_5\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - Reflective conditions in tunnel test 1\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"0px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h3>Tunnel tests<\/h3>\r\n<p>ABC recognizes the need to test reflective conditions and make efforts to incorporate this into their tunnel test method, using mirrors in the sides of the tunnel to deflect some sunlight toward the glass panels at the far end.<sup><a href=\"#references\">5<\/a><\/sup> Nonetheless, in separate analyses Seewagan, R\u00f6ssler and Schmid observe that the Powdermill test tunnel does not create reflective conditions.<sup><a href=\"#references\">6<\/a>,<a href=\"#_edn3\">7<\/a><\/sup> Seewagan concludes that the tests \u201care therefore most representative of sound barrier collisions, and how well their results translate to prevention of collisions with traditional windows is uncertain.\u201d<sup><a href=\"#references\">8<\/a><\/sup>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - Reflective conditions in tunnel test 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]R\u00f6ssler and Schmid give more detail on the problem:<a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\"><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>\u201cHowever, the Powdermill tunnel is unable to provide a satisfactory testing situation for specular reflection (\u201cwindow situation\u201d) for two fundamental reasons. Firstly: the panes at the end of the tunnel are mounted at right angles to the birds\u2019 flight path, and are thereby only able to \u201creflect\u201d the dark inside of the tunnel. Secondly: plywood boards with \u201cblue pattern\u201d are mounted behind the panes ... Since these boards are illuminated by the sun head-on, they lighten the background rather than reducing the amount of light there.\"<sup><a href=\"#references\">9<\/a><\/sup>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial admin_label=\"Testimonial - Rossler quote on refletion in test tunnels\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#FFFFFF\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" border_width_all=\"1px\" border_width_bottom=\"1px\" border_color_bottom=\"#000000\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">On tunnel tests<\/h3>\r\n<p>\u201cWith this experimental setting, it is impossible to achieve clearly visible reflections on the panes, such as they are characteristic for window situations in buildings. This means, in consequence: this experimental setting is actually a transparency setting, although it is intended to test for specular reflection.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p><em>- Hans Schmid and Martin R\u00f6ssler, \u201cCritical examination of American Bird Conservancy\u2019s (ABC) campaign to avoid bird collision\u201d<\/em><\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - Reflective conditions in field tests\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h3>Field tests<\/h3>\r\n<p>In his various field experiments, which were foundational to the Prescriptive method, researcher Daniel Klem tested glass samples installed in free-standing frames and in existing buildings.<sup><a href=\"#references\">10<\/a><\/sup> This allowed him to create either transparent or reflective conditions, depending on the position of glass samples and time of day, helping to identify the dangers of reflective glass surfaces to birds.<sup><a href=\"#references\">11<\/a><\/sup> As a result of these field tests and ensuing experiments, many proponents of the Prescriptive method recommend first-surface treatments for bird friendly glass.<sup><a href=\"#references\">12<\/a><\/sup> These tests also contributed to scientists\u2019 understanding of ideal marker spacing, contrast, visual marker size, and surface coverage.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"2_5\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_blurb title=\"How reflective conditions occur, and why they matter for bird safe windows\" use_icon=\"on\" font_icon=\"\uf185||fa||900\" image_icon_width=\"60px\" admin_label=\"Blurb - importance of reflective conditions\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#eef1f8\" custom_padding=\"30px|30px|30px|30px|false|false\" child_filter_invert=\"100%\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>In their \u201cCritical examination of American Bird Conservancy\u2019s (ABC) campaign to avoid bird collision\u201d, Martin R\u00f6ssler and Hans Schmid identify specular reflections as\u00a0 \u201cA characteristic trait of windows \u2026 as a consequence of the darker background of the room behind a window and the brightness of the foreground.\u201d<a href=\"#references\"><sup>#<\/sup><\/a> That is, the outside environment is often more brightly lit than the interiors of buildings, causing reflections on the surfaces of windows and obscuring treatments applied to interior surfaces.<a href=\"#references\"><sup>#<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>Klem and Seewagen identify reflections on windows as a primary risk factor in bird-glass collisions, making them a necessary consideration for bird safe window design.<a href=\"#references\"><sup>#<\/sup><\/a> In fact, it is because of reflectivity that bird friendly glass treatments are so often placed on the outermost surface of glazing. This first-surface placement prevents reflections from interfering with the appearance of bird friendly markers, ensuring that they remain visible to birds in all daylighting conditions.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row admin_label=\"Row\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - importance of in-situ observations\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>The importance of in situ observations<\/h2>\r\n<p>The Prescriptive and Performance methods vary in many ways, but they have one key factor in common: the need for real-world validation. After all, the point of bird friendly glass isn\u2019t to perform well in tests; it\u2019s to stop bird from hitting windows.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb title=\"The effectiveness of AviProtek\u00ae bird friendly glass\" admin_label=\"Blurb - Avi Effectiveness doc\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"30px|30px|30px|30px|false|false\" border_width_all=\"1px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>Walker Glass has collected reports from building owners and managers across North America at sites glazed with Walker bird friendly glass. While the sample size of these reports is limited, the results are promising: 1 strike or less per year at every site. In the majority of cases, on-site contacts report zero bird strikes.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/resources\/bird-safe-glass\/#aviprotek-effectiveness\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"et_pb_button et_pb_button_0 et_pb_bg_layout_light\">Learn more<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - accidental experiment title\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>An accidental experiment<\/h2>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/lovitch-house-aviprotek-211-bird-friendly-glass-6-web-square.jpg\" alt=\"Lovitch house in Durham Maine with bird safe windows\" title_text=\"Lovitch House AviProtek 211 Bird Friendly Glass 6 WEB Square\" admin_label=\"Image - Lovitch house front\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - accidental experiment\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>Late in 2022, a biologist and bird conservationist named Derek Lovitch unwittingly created an in-situ experiment when he built a home using two different types of bird friendly glass. His experiences, related here, shed light on the effectiveness of bird safe glass in a real-world setting.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - BF home 1\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>Building a bird friendly home<\/h2>\r\n<p>Derek and his wife Jeanette are both seasoned bird biologists with extensive knowledge of wild birds. In 2020, they set out to build a new house on bird-rich acreage near their birding supply store, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.freeportwildbirdsupply.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Freeport Wild Bird Supply<\/a>. They planned for the property to be a bird sanctuary and centre for wildlife tours, as well as their home.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - BF home 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"0px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>As bird conservationists, Derek and Jeanette understood the importance of bird safe windows. They selected two types of bird friendly glass for the house: twenty-seven window units of AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 211 with acid-etched markers on the first surface, and five window units using a laminated glass with transparent UV-reflective markers on an inner surface. The five transparent units were installed at eye level for bird watching, with AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> glass directly above them. These windows were a significant investment, but Derek and Jeanette believed that having a totally clear view through bird safe windows was worth the expense.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/glass-charts-2023-10-windows-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"bird safe windows by area\" title_text=\"Glass Charts 2023 10 Windows\" admin_label=\"Image - area of BF glass\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - BF home 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"0px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>In selecting their glass, Derek and Jeanette referred to the products\u2019 Threat Factors. This was the most accessible information at the time, and they counted on Performance method metrics to be a good indicator of a product\u2019s effectiveness. Both the AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> glass and the UV-reflective glass had similar Threat Factors (23 and 26, respectively), and both were listed as \u201cApproved\u201d in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/products-database\/\" rel=\"noopener\">ABC Products & Solutions Database<\/a>. Derek and Jeanette trusted that these two products would be effective against bird strikes.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - collisions 1\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>Collisions against \u201cbird friendly\u201d glass<\/h2>\r\n<p>Just weeks after moving into their new home, Derek and Jeanette witnessed five bird strikes, one against each of their transparent UV windows. Four were immediately fatal. Derek and Jeanette were especially shocked when a Junco flew directly into a corner window. Juncos can see in the ultra-violet spectrum, so the UV markers on the glass should have been visible to this bird. Furthermore, the bird hit a corner window where adjacent units created transparent conditions, with light behind the glass and little to no reflective effect. Based on these conditions and the product\u2019s Threat Factor, the UV makers should have been visible to the Junco. Nonetheless, it and four other birds flew straight into the UV-patterned windows as if they couldn\u2019t see them.<\/p>\r\n<p>Derek and Jeanette took immediate action, mounting cords over the transparent windows to prevent further strikes. Although this solution stopped the collisions, it obstructed the view, which defeated the purpose of the transparent UV windows. Furthermore, as the cord faded over time, it became less visible to birds. In late summer of 2023, Derek found two Mourning Doves dead at one of the UV windows, bringing the bird-glass casualties to seven.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/glass-charts-2023-10-strikes-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"bird safe windows by collisions\" title_text=\"Glass Charts 2023 10 Strikes\" admin_label=\"Image - area of BF glass & bird strikes\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - collisions 2\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>By comparison, Derek and Jeanette haven\u2019t seen a single strike against the AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> acid-etched glass. Even during two months in early 2023 when Derek was at home with an injury, he didn\u2019t see any strikes against the etched glass.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/img-7883-labelled-en-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"bird safe windows composition\" title_text=\"IMG_7883_labelled-EN\" admin_label=\"Image - BF glass composition\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - BF glass composition caption\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font_size=\"16px\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p><em>Interior view of bird safe windows at the Lovitch house<br \/>Top two rows: AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> 211 <br \/>Bottom row: transparent UV-reflective glass, retrofitted with Acopian Bird Savers and <\/em><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.featherfriendly.com\/residential\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Feather Friendly markers<\/em><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - looking for answers\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<p>Derek described his feelings about the situation, following the initial five strikes:<\/p>\r\n<p>\u201cAs scientists by training, we realize one strike is better than 1.3 billion, but we weren\u2019t here to kill a single Junco. We put our hard-earned money into making sure that didn\u2019t happen. We understand that it\u2019s not 100% percent \u2026 But having five birds, three of which at least \u2013 two Juncos and a Goldfinch \u2013 have proven ultra-violet sight, hit a window? It\u2019s been hard to take.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - implications for BF building\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"0px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>Implications for the bird friendly building movement<\/h2>\r\n<p>The consequences of stories like this one go beyond individual experiences.\u00a0 The failure of bird safe product recommendations could impact the building industry at large.<\/p>\r\n<p>If other building owners and architects have similar experiences, will they be willing to invest in bird deterrent glass for future projects? Legislation may compel the use of bird friendly glass, but how long will it take before sub-optimal outcomes sap the movement\u2019s momentum? In order to keep moving bird friendly building forward and establish it as a normal part of architecture, bird safe windows will need to work as they\u2019re expected to.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - not all bad news\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>Not all bad news<\/h2>\r\n<p>Fortunately, there\u2019s also good news coming in about bird friendly glass. Many projects following the Prescriptive method as reflected in the National Glass Association\u2019s <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/members.glass.org\/cvweb\/cgi-bin\/msascartdll.dll\/ProductInfo?productcd=BIRDGLAZING\" rel=\"noopener\">Best Practices for Bird-Friendly Glazing Design Guide<\/a> and the CSA <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csagroup.org\/store\/product\/CSA%20A460:19\/\" rel=\"noopener\">A460:19 standard for Bird-friendly building design<\/a> are showing zero or near-zero bird strikes in the years after installation. Some have seen a dramatic reduction of collisions following a retrofit with bird safe glass, such as the interpretation centre of a National Wildlife Area in Quebec. This building is located at the heart of a bird sanctuary, and used to see upwards of 24 bird strikes per year prior to bird friendly renovations in 2014. That year, the building was renovated with a variety of bird safe window treatments following the Prescriptive method including AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> patterns on 50% of the building\u2019s glass. In the eight years following the renovations, there were only three recorded strikes against the AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> windows.<\/p>\r\n<p>The University of Saskatchewan (USask) presents another example of successful bird safe windows. In 2018, its Collaborative Science Research Building (CSRB) was constructed using AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> pattern 217, a first-surface dot pattern with 2x2 spacing. Continued monitoring by the university\u2019s Biology department has revealed zero bird strikes against the building\u2019s windows in the years from 2018 to 2022. This success is especially meaningful when one considers a 2019 Master\u2019s study that recorded bird strikes against four USask buildings, including the CSRB. The study recorded nine bird strikes over the course of three months against the Agriculture Building, just across the street from the CSRB.<sup><a href=\"#references\">13<\/a><\/sup> Interestingly, certain portions of the Agriculture Building incorporate bird friendly glass based on the Prescriptive method. There were no bird strikes against those portions of the building, and no bird strikes against the CSRB.<sup><a href=\"#references\">15<\/a><\/sup> You can read more about this study and the CSRB project in this article: <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/blog\/bird-friendly-acid-etched-glass-at-usask\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Integrated Solutions and Bird-Friendly Glass at USask<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n<p>You can see post-installation outcomes on this and nine different projects in the <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.walkerglass.com\/resources\/bird-safe-glass\/#aviprotek-effectiveness\" rel=\"noopener\">Effectiveness of AviProtek<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Bird Friendly Glass<\/a>\u00a0reference document.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - conclusion\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"45px||||false|false\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>A choice of futures for bird friendly building<\/h2>\r\n<p>The story of Derek Lovitch\u2019s house, combined with results from Prescriptive-based projects, reveals that not all \u201cbird friendly\u201d glass is equally effective. There are two trains of thought about legislation and guidelines on bird friendly building, and stories like these allow a comparison of their validity in real-world situations.<\/p>\r\n<p>In the case discussed in this article, a homeowner referred to the Performance method to choose bird friendly glass for his house. Both products had similar Threat Factors, and both were labelled \u201cApproved\u201d on the ABC website. However, once installed, the outcomes of these two products were vastly different. One product successfully deterred bird strikes, while the other had five bird strikes in the first few weeks following construction.<\/p>\r\n<p>In many other buildings, bird friendly glass based on the Prescriptive method has consistently reduced or eliminated bird strikes. Furthermore, the Prescriptive method allows for markers of any design, as long as they meet the method\u2019s visibility requirements (spacing, surface, etc.). This freedom can make it easier for architects to incorporate bird friendly design into their projects. With the Performance method, designers and building owners are limited to a list of pre-approved designs.<\/p>\r\n<p>Conservationists, building owners, and architects put a great deal of effort and funds into bird safe windows, and they count on legislators and bird conservation bodies for information about what works. As more bird friendly building standards are developed, legislators and industry leaders will have to decide whether they want to trust the Performance method for determining acceptable bird deterrent building products, or if they should turn to the Prescriptive method instead. Their choices will affect the lives of countless wild birds, along with the future of bird friendly glazing.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_divider divider_weight=\"2px\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Text - References\" module_id=\"references\" _builder_version=\"4.22.2\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p>\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\n<p>1. Daniel Klem, <em>Solid Air: Invisible Killer \u2013 Saving Billions of Birds from Windows <\/em>(Surrey: Hancock House, 2021), 133.<\/p>\r\n<p>2. American Bird Conservancy, \u201cGlass Collisions: About ABC's Test Tunnel,\u201d accessed October 4, 2023, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\"><\/a>3. American Bird Conservancy, \u201cGlass Collisions: About ABC's Test Tunnel,\u201d accessed October 4, 2023, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\"><\/a>4. American Bird Conservancy, 2023. \u201cAbout the ABC Rating System.\u201d American Bird Conservancy, January 23. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/dariuszzdziebk.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/What-is-a-Material-Threat-Factor-January-2023-1.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/dariuszzdziebk.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/What-is-a-Material-Threat-Factor-January-2023-1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dariuszzdziebk.wpenginepowered.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/What-is-a-Material-Threat-Factor-January-2023-1.pdf\"><\/a>5. American Bird Conservancy, \u201cGlass Collisions: About ABC's Test Tunnel,\u201d accessed October 4, 2023, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/glass-collisions\/test-tunnel\/\"><\/a>6. Chad Seewagen, 2011. \u201cA Review of Experimental Methods Used to Test the Effectiveness of Bird-Deterring Glass.\u201d American Bird Conservancy, March 19. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\"><\/a>7. Hans Schmid and Martin R\u00f6ssler, 2016. \u201cCritical examination of American Bird Conservancy\u2019s (ABC) campaign to avoid bird collision.\u201d Swiss Ornithological Institute, April. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\"><\/a>8. Chad Seewagen, 2011. \u201cA Review of Experimental Methods Used to Test the Effectiveness of Bird-Deterring Glass.\u201d American Bird Conservancy, March 19. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/abcbirds.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Summary-and-comparison-of-glass-testing-protocols-Seewagen.docx\"><\/a>9. Hans Schmid and Martin R\u00f6ssler, 2016. \u201cCritical examination of American Bird Conservancy\u2019s (ABC) campaign to avoid bird collision.\u201d Swiss Ornithological Institute, April. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/safewings.ca\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/abc_critique_2016.pdf\"><\/a>10. Daniel Klem, <em>Solid Air: Invisible Killer \u2013 Saving Billions of Birds from Windows <\/em>(Surrey: Hancock House, 2021), 50,54.<\/p>\r\n<p>11. Daniel Klem, <em>Solid Air: Invisible Killer \u2013 Saving Billions of Birds from Windows <\/em>(Surrey: Hancock House, 2021), 55.<\/p>\r\n<p>12. Daniel Klem, 2019. \u201cTechnical Design of Bird Friendly Glass.\u201d Walker White Papers. Walker Glass, April 29. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dr-klem-technical-design.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/walkerglass.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dr-klem-technical-design.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p>13. Anang Grace Yashim. \u201cRisk and Mitigation Strategies for Bird-building Collisions on the University of Saskatchewan Campus\u201d. MSEM. diss. University of Saskatchewan, 2019.<\/p>\r\n<p>14. Anang Grace Yashim. \u201cRisk and Mitigation Strategies for Bird-building Collisions on the University of Saskatchewan Campus\u201d. MSEM. diss. University of Saskatchewan, 2019.<\/p>\r\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"articles-subject":[207,209],"class_list":["post-24912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","articles-subject-environnement","articles-subject-securite-des-oiseaux"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Comparaison des syst\u00e8mes d&#039;\u00e9valuations du verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux : les fondements, limites et r\u00e9sultats | Verrerie Walker<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comparaison des syst\u00e8mes d&#039;\u00e9valuations du verre s\u00e9curitaire pour les oiseaux : les fondements, limites et r\u00e9sultats : Bonne lecture sur notre blog !\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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